The materials of membrane filters are usually stainless steel, plastic lined carbon steel, UPVC, PPR. The typical number of membrane elements to be loaded is 1, 5, 7, 19, 37, 61, 91.
The ceramic membrane operates in a cross flow filtration mode. The inlet water enters the ceramic membrane module, and some of it passes through the membrane surface to become the produced water. The other part carries suspended solids and other impurities and is discharged from the membrane module to become concentrated water. The discharged concentrated water is re pressurized and then circulated back into the membrane module, maintaining the shear force generated by the high flow rate on the membrane surface, taking away the suspended solids, oil and other impurities intercepted on the membrane surface, thereby keeping the pollution layer at a relatively thin level.
If the suspended solid load in the influent is high (usually>50NTU) and a higher water production rate (>95%) is required, or if the pollution resistance tendency is high due to organic matter, oil, etc., it is recommended to use cross flow operation. When operating in cross flow mode, a small stream of water (usually 10-100% of the filtered flow) will be returned to the front end of the system. A portion of the reflux flow (5-20%) can be continuously discharged to avoid excessive suspended solid content in the capillary channels.